The Quran details how ancient architecture was built.

Mario Collepardi, an Italian Prof. (studied specifically the architecture of the pyramids,) emphasises that the Pharaohs brought the limestone dust available a lot in their area,

mixed it with normal soil. Then they added water from the river Nile and lit fire to a temperature up to 900 degrees Celsius.

This heat gave the stone strength and a shape similar to natural rocks.

Basically to build massive buildings such as pyramids they mainly used the normal mud available near the River Nile. Then mixing it with water, placing it in templates and finally lighting the fire until it solidifies and stones are shaped the way we see today.

This idea does not cost a lot of effort because workers will not carry and raise any stones,

all they have to do is to make the templates in which they pour mud and transfer mud from the ground and raise them in small containers.

Each worker carries a container with mud to fill the templates.
Then comes the process of lighting fire until the stone is shaped and stayed in place,

making sure by this way that there are no spaces between the stone and the other.

Using this method helped in keeping the pyramids safe for thousands of years.

Up until 1981 (confirmed in 2006 by laboratory analysis) as entirely unknown knowledge at the time of Quran revelation.

But what does the Quran say?

“>>>So kindle for me (a fire), O Hâmân, to bake (bricks out of) clay<<<,
and set up for me a Sarh (a lofty tower, or palace) in order that I may look at (or look for) the Ilâh (God) of Mûsâ (Moses); and verily,

I think that he [Mûsâ (Moses)] is one of the liars."
(AlQassas : 38).

PLEASE NOTE:
The buildings of Fir'aun were destroyed. The example of the pyramids of Giza is given to get a better understanding of the techniques used at the time and NOT because they are the exact structures mentioned.

I have used the Pyramids of Giza as an example because for 4500+ years they remained the tallest man-made structures in the world (Until the Eiffel tower was built)

The ayat that mentions the destroying of these structures also has a miracle within itself.

The ayat is -
"And we destroyed completely all the great works and buildings which Fir‘aun (Pharaoh) and his people erected.”

( Al Aaraf: 137 )."

The word
ERECTED

Its root letters are

Ayn-Ra-Shiin
to construct/build, make trellis (for grape-wine), make a vine-stalk, roof, raise (a house or structure), settle.

'arshun - throne, arbour, pavillion, roof, power, dominion, sovereignty.
m'aruushaat (sing. ma'ruushun): supported on trellis-work, sheltered by an arbour, upheld by a trellis, trellised.
ya'rishuuna (imp. 3rd. m. pl.): they have erected, raised.

m'ruushaatun (pct. pic. f. pl.): trellised ones.
'uruush (n. pl.): roofs.

arasha vb. (1)/impf. act. 7:137, 16:68/pcple. pass. 6:141, 6:141/arsh n.m. (pl. urush) 2:259, 7:54, 9:129, 10:3, 11:7, 12:100, 13:2, 17:42, 18:42, 20:5, 21:22, 22:45, 23:86, 23:116, 25:59, 27:23, 27:26, 27:38, 27:41, 27:41, 27:42, 32:4, 39:75, 40:7, 40:15, 43:82, 57:4, 69:17, 81:20, 85:15

THE RESULT OF THE WORD "ERECTED"-"Arasha"

The word (erected) refers to putting the wood to raise stones up.

~That is exactly what scientists and researchers say today:

the Pharaohs used the wooden rails to raise mud by climbing in a spiral way around the building just like a pergola, which wrap around the pillar upon which it is based on in a spiral way.